Estimates the Probability of Informed Trading (PIN) using custom initial parameter sets

## Usage

pin(data, initialsets, factorization = "E", verbose = TRUE)

## Arguments

data

initialsets

A dataframe with the following variables in this order ($$\alpha$$, $$\delta$$, $$\mu$$, $$\epsilon$$b, $$\epsilon$$s).

factorization

A character string from {"EHO", "LK", "E", "NONE"} referring to a given factorization. The default value is set to "E".

verbose

A binary variable that determines whether detailed information about the steps of the estimation of the PIN model is displayed. No output is produced when verbose is set to FALSE. The default value is TRUE.

## Value

Returns an object of class estimate.pin

## Details

The argument 'data' should be a numeric dataframe, and contain at least two variables. Only the first two variables will be considered: The first variable is assumed to correspond to the total number of buyer-initiated trades, while the second variable is assumed to correspond to the total number of seller-initiated trades. Each row or observation correspond to a trading day. NA values will be ignored.

The factorization variable takes one of four values:

• "EHO" refers to the factorization in Easley et al. (2010)

• "LK" refers to the factorization in Lin and Ke (2011)

• "E" refers to the factorization in Ersan (2016)

• "NONE" refers to the original likelihood function - with no factorization

## References

Easley D, Hvidkjaer S, Ohara M (2010). “Factoring information into returns.” Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 45(2), 293--309. ISSN 00221090.

Ersan O (2016). “Multilayer Probability of Informed Trading.” Available at SSRN 2874420.

Lin H, Ke W (2011). “A computing bias in estimating the probability of informed trading.” Journal of Financial Markets, 14(4), 625-640. ISSN 1386-4181.

## Examples

# There is a preloaded quarterly dataset called 'dailytrades' with 60
# observations. Each observation corresponds to a day and contains the

#--------------------------------------------------------------
# Using generic function pin()
#--------------------------------------------------------------

# Define initial parameters:
# initialset = (alpha, delta, mu, eps.b, eps.s)

initialset <- c(0.3, 0.1, 800, 300, 200)

# Estimate the PIN model using the factorization of the PIN likelihood
# function by Ersan (2016)

estimate <- pin(xdata, initialsets = initialset, verbose = FALSE)

# Display the estimated PIN value

show(estimate@pin)
#> [1] 0.5661728

# Display the estimated parameters

show(estimate@parameters)
#>        alpha        delta           mu        eps.b        eps.s
#>    0.7499996    0.1333280 1193.5176276  357.2656584  328.6292445

# Store the initial parameter sets used for MLE in a dataframe variable,
# and display its first five rows

initialsets <- estimate@initialsets