Based on the grid search algorithm of
Yan and Zhang (2012)
, generates
initial parameter sets for the maximum likelihood estimation of the PIN
model.
Arguments
- data
A dataframe with 2 variables: the first corresponds to buyer-initiated trades (buys), and the second corresponds to seller-initiated trades (sells).
- grid_size
An integer between
1, and20; representing the size of the grid. The default value is5. See more in details.- ea_correction
A binary variable determining whether the modifications of the algorithm of Yan and Zhang (2012) suggested by Ersan and Alici (2016) are implemented. The default value is
FALSE.- verbose
a binary variable that determines whether information messages about the initial parameter sets, including the number of the initial parameter sets generated. No message is shown when
verboseis set toFALSE. The default value isTRUE.
Value
Returns a dataframe of initial sets each consisting of five variables {\(\alpha\), \(\delta\), \(\mu\), \(\epsilon\)b, \(\epsilon\)s}.
Details
The argument 'data' should be a numeric dataframe, and contain
at least two variables. Only the first two variables will be considered:
The first variable is assumed to correspond to the total number of
buyer-initiated trades, while the second variable is assumed to
correspond to the total number of seller-initiated trades. Each row or
observation correspond to a trading day. NA values will be ignored.
The argument grid_size determines the size of the grid of the variables:
alpha, delta, and eps.b. If grid_size is set to a given value m,
the algorithm creates a sequence starting from 1/2m, and ending in
1 - 1/2m, with a step of 1/m. The default value of 5 corresponds
to the size of the grid in Yan and Zhang (2012)
.
In that case, the sequence starts at 0.1 = 1/(2 x 5), and ends in
0.9 = 1 - 1/(2 x 5) with a step of 0.2 = 1/m.
The function initials_pin_yz() implements, by default, the original
Yan and Zhang (2012)
algorithm as the default value of
ea_correction takes the value FALSE.
When the value of ea_correction is set to TRUE; then, sets
with irrelevant mu values are excluded, and sets with boundary values are
reintegrated in the initial parameter sets.
References
Ersan O, Alici A (2016).
“An unbiased computation methodology for estimating the probability of informed trading (PIN).”
Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, 43, 74--94.
ISSN 10424431.
Yan Y, Zhang S (2012).
“An improved estimation method and empirical properties of the probability of informed trading.”
Journal of Banking and Finance, 36(2), 454--467.
ISSN 03784266.
Examples
# There is a preloaded quarterly dataset called 'dailytrades' with 60
# observations. Each observation corresponds to a day and contains the
# total number of buyer-initiated trades ('B') and seller-initiated
# trades ('S') on that day. To know more, type ?dailytrades
xdata <- dailytrades
# The function pin_yz() allows the user to directly estimate the PIN model
# using the full set of initial parameter sets generated using the algorithm
# of Yan and # Zhang (2012).
# \donttest{
estimate.1 <- pin_yz(xdata, verbose = FALSE)
# }
# Obtaining the set of initial parameter sets using initials_pin_yz allows
# us to estimate the PIN model using a subset of these initial sets.
initparams <- initials_pin_yz(xdata, verbose = FALSE)
# Use 10 randonly chosen initial sets from the dataframe 'initparams' in
# order to estimate the PIN model using the function pin() with custom
# initial parameter sets
numberofsets <- nrow(initparams)
selectedsets <- initparams[sample(numberofsets, 10),]
estimate.2 <- pin(xdata, initialsets = selectedsets, verbose = FALSE)
# Compare the parameters and the pin values of both specifications
# \donttest{
comparison <- rbind(c(estimate.1@parameters, pin = estimate.1@pin),
c(estimate.2@parameters, estimate.2@pin))
rownames(comparison) <- c("all", "10")
show(comparison)
#> alpha delta mu eps.b eps.s pin
#> all 0.7500027 0.1333335 1193.518 357.2654 328.6293 0.566174
#> 10 0.7499966 0.1333284 1193.518 357.2655 328.6293 0.566172
# }